Physiotherapy modalities are very effective forms of treatment when dealing with musculoskeletal pain or injuries. It not only aids in the healing process, but can also be used in combination with other treatments. The following are forms of physiotherapy modalities that are used in our office.

Cold
Ice packs are used to promote vasoconstriction which will reduce swelling and inflammation. Used most frequently in acute (early stages) injuries, but also an effective pain reliever for even the most chronic (advanced) pain.

Heat
Hydrocollator moist heat packs are used to improve superficial circulation, relax musculature and relieve pain. Used most frequently for chronic pain.

EMS (Electrical Muscle Stimulation)
EMS pads are applied and used to aid in improving strength after a soft-tissue injury or muscle strain. EMS, known for many years as a very effective form of treatment, has many therapeutic benefits:

• Promotes tissue repair and regeneration
• Reduces acute and chronic edema (swelling)
• Reduces muscle spasms

Ultrasound
Therapeutic ultrasound, (this is different from diagnostic ultrasound which is used to visualize organs and the fetus of a pregnant woman), has a much lower frequency and depending upon the type of injury, varies in duration, intensity and the use of pulsed or continuous mode. With the use of a sound head and some gel, ultrasound treats the target area and can be adjusted to meet the needs of a deep or superficial (surface) tissue injury. The benefits include:

• Decreases joint stiffness
• Reduces edema (swelling)
• Increases blood flow

TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation)
A TENS unit is a small, portable unit that is ideally worn throughout the day or at intervals, to control pain and reduce dependence on drugs/medications. Aids in relieving pain due to muscle spasm or tension.